Yawancin na'urori da masana'antu suna amfani da na'urorin haɗa roba a buɗe. Babban fasalinsa shine yana da sassauci da motsi mai kyau, kuma ya dace musamman don haɗa nau'ikan roba akai-akai, roba mai tauri, robar soso, da sauransu.
Lokacin da ake haɗawa da injin niƙa mai buɗewa, tsarin allurar yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, ana saka robar da ba ta da ruwa a cikin ramin birgima tare da ƙarshen ƙafafun matsewa, kuma ana sarrafa nisan birgima a kusan 2mm (misali, mahaɗin roba mai inci 14) sannan a birgima na tsawon mintuna 5. Ana samar da manne mai laushi da ba ta da ruwa, wanda aka naɗe a kan abin birgima na gaba, kuma akwai wani adadin manne da aka tara a kan abin birgima. Robar da aka tara tana da kusan kashi 1/4 na jimlar robar da ba ta da ruwa, sannan a ƙara wakilai masu hana tsufa da masu haɓaka, sannan a yi tausa da robar sau da yawa. Manufar wannan ita ce a warwatse maganin hana tsufa da mai haɓaka ruwa a cikin manne. A lokaci guda, ƙarin maganin hana tsufa na farko zai iya hana yanayin tsufa na zafi da ke faruwa yayin haɗa robar da ke zafi sosai. Kuma wasu masu haɓaka ruwa suna da tasirin filastik akan mahaɗin roba. Sannan ana ƙara sinadarin zinc oxide. Lokacin ƙara carbon baki, ya kamata a ƙara ƙaramin adadi a farkon, saboda wasu robar da ba ta da ruwa za su fito daga abin birgima da zarar an ƙara carbon baki. Idan akwai wata alama ta rashin naɗewa, a daina ƙara carbon black, sannan a ƙara carbon black bayan an naɗe robar a kan abin naɗewa cikin sauƙi. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙara carbon black. Mafi yawansu sun haɗa da: 1. A ƙara carbon black a tsawon aikin abin naɗewa; 2. A ƙara carbon black a tsakiyar abin naɗewa; 3. A ƙara shi kusa da ƙarshen abin naɗewa. A ganina, hanyoyi biyu na ƙarshe na ƙara carbon black sun fi dacewa, wato, wani ɓangare ne kawai na degumming ake cirewa daga abin naɗewa, kuma ba zai yiwu a cire dukkan abin naɗewa ba. Bayan an cire robar daga abin naɗewa, ana matse carbon black cikin sauƙi, kuma ba shi da sauƙi a warwatse bayan an sake naɗewa. Musamman lokacin naɗe roba mai tauri, ana matse sulfur cikin flakes, wanda yake da matuƙar wahalar warwatsewa a cikin robar. Ba sake gyarawa ko siririn abin naɗewa ba zai iya canza wurin "aljihu" rawaya da ke cikin fim ɗin. A takaice, lokacin ƙara carbon black, a ƙara kaɗan akai-akai. Kada ku ɗauki wahalar zuba duk carbon black a kan abin naɗewa. Mataki na farko na ƙara carbon black shine mafi sauri lokacin "cin abinci". Kada a ƙara mai laushi a wannan lokacin. Bayan ƙara rabin carbon black, a ƙara rabin mai laushi, wanda zai iya hanzarta "ciyarwa". Sauran rabin mai laushi ana ƙara shi da sauran carbon black. A cikin tsarin ƙara foda, ya kamata a sassauta nisan birgima a hankali don kiyaye robar da aka saka a cikin kewayon da ya dace, don haka foda ta halitta ta shiga cikin robar kuma ana iya haɗa shi da robar har zuwa matsakaicin iyaka. A wannan matakin, an haramta yanke wuka sosai, don kada ya shafi ingancin mahaɗin roba. Idan akwai mai laushi da yawa, ana iya ƙara carbon black da mai laushi a cikin nau'in manna. Bai kamata a ƙara stearic acid da wuri ba, yana da sauƙin haifar da birgima, ya fi kyau a ƙara shi lokacin da har yanzu akwai ɗan carbon black a cikin birgima, kuma ya kamata a ƙara vulcanizing a wani mataki na gaba. Ana kuma ƙara wasu vulcanizing a lokacin da har yanzu akwai ɗan carbon black a kan birgima. Kamar vulcanizing agent DCP. Idan aka ci duk wani baƙin carbon, za a dumama DCP ya narke ya zama ruwa, wanda zai faɗa cikin tire. Ta wannan hanyar, adadin masu hana vulcanizing a cikin mahaɗin zai ragu. Sakamakon haka, ingancin mahaɗin roba yana shafar, kuma yana iya haifar da vulcanization mara dahuwa. Saboda haka, ya kamata a ƙara mai hana vulcanizing a lokacin da ya dace, ya danganta da nau'in. Bayan an ƙara kowane nau'in masu haɗa abubuwa, ya zama dole a ƙara juyawa don haɗa mahaɗin roba daidai gwargwado. Yawanci, akwai "wukake takwas", "jakunkunan alwatika", "birgima", "siraran ƙugiya" da sauran hanyoyin juyawa.
"Wuka takwas" suna yanka wukake a kusurwar 45° tare da alkiblar naɗin, sau huɗu a kowane gefe. Sauran manne an murɗe shi 90° sannan a ƙara shi a kan naɗin. Manufar ita ce a naɗe kayan roba a tsaye da kwance, wanda hakan ke taimakawa wajen haɗa abu ɗaya. "Jakar Alwatika" jaka ce ta filastik wadda aka yi ta zama alwatika ta hanyar ƙarfin naɗin. "Naɗewa" ita ce a yanka wuka da hannu ɗaya, a naɗe kayan robar a cikin silinda da ɗayan hannun, sannan a saka shi a cikin naɗin. Manufar wannan ita ce a haɗa mahaɗin robar daidai gwargwado. Duk da haka, "jakar alwatika" da "naɗewa" ba su da amfani ga watsa zafi na kayan roba, wanda yake da sauƙin haifar da ƙonewa, kuma yana buƙatar aiki mai yawa, don haka bai kamata a ba da shawarar waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu ba. Lokacin juyawa na minti 5 zuwa 6.
Bayan an narkar da robar, ya zama dole a rage sinadarin robar. Aiki ya tabbatar da cewa siririn sinadari yana da tasiri sosai wajen wargaza sinadarin da ke cikin mahaɗin. Hanyar siririn sinadari ita ce a daidaita nisan sinadari zuwa 0.1-0.5 mm, a sanya robar a cikin abin nadi, sannan a bar shi ya faɗi cikin tiren ciyarwa ta halitta. Bayan ya faɗi, a juya robar da digiri 90 a kan abin nadi na sama. Ana maimaita wannan sau 5 zuwa 6. Idan zafin robar ya yi yawa, a dakatar da siririn sinadari, sannan a jira robar ta huce kafin ta yi laushi don hana robar ta yi zafi.
Bayan an gama siraran wucewa, a rage nisan birgima zuwa 4-5mm. Kafin a ɗora kayan roba a cikin motar, a yage wani ƙaramin abu na roba a saka shi cikin na'urorin birgima. Manufar ita ce a huda nisan birgima, don hana injin haɗa robar ya fuskanci babban ƙarfi da lalata kayan aiki bayan an zuba kayan roba mai yawa a cikin na'urar birgima. Bayan an ɗora kayan roba a kan motar, dole ne ta ratsa ta cikin ramin birgima sau ɗaya, sannan a naɗe shi a kan na'urar birgima ta gaba, a ci gaba da juya ta na tsawon mintuna 2 zuwa 3, sannan a sauke a sanyaya a kan lokaci. Fim ɗin yana da tsawon cm 80, faɗin cm 40 da kauri cm 0.4. Hanyoyin sanyaya sun haɗa da sanyaya yanayi da sanyaya tankin ruwan sanyi, ya danganta da yanayin kowane na'ura. A lokaci guda, ya zama dole a guji hulɗa tsakanin fim ɗin da ƙasa, yashi da sauran datti, don kada ya shafi ingancin mahaɗin robar.
A cikin tsarin haɗawa, ya kamata a kula da nisan birgima sosai. Zafin da ake buƙata don haɗa robar danye daban-daban da kuma haɗa mahaɗan tauri daban-daban ya bambanta, don haka ya kamata a sarrafa zafin birgima gwargwadon takamaiman yanayin.
Wasu ma'aikatan hada roba suna da ra'ayoyi guda biyu marasa daidai: 1. Suna ganin cewa tsawon lokacin hadawa, ingancin robar ya fi girma. Wannan ba haka lamarin yake ba a aikace, saboda dalilan da aka bayyana a sama. 2. Ana kyautata zaton cewa da sauri adadin manne da aka tara a sama da abin nadi, saurin hadawa zai yi sauri. A gaskiya ma, idan babu manne da aka tara tsakanin abin nadi ko kuma manne da aka tara ya yi karami, foda za a matse shi cikin sauƙi ya faɗi cikin tiren ciyarwa. Ta wannan hanyar, baya ga shafar ingancin robar da aka gauraya, dole ne a sake tsaftace tiren ciyarwa, kuma a ƙara foda da ke faɗuwa tsakanin abin nadi, wanda ake maimaitawa sau da yawa, wanda ke tsawaita lokacin hadawa sosai kuma yana ƙara ƙarfin aiki. Tabbas, idan tarin manne ya yi yawa, saurin hada foda zai ragu. Ana iya ganin cewa tarin manne da yawa ko kaɗan ba shi da kyau a hada. Saboda haka, dole ne a sami wani adadin manne da aka tara tsakanin abin nadi yayin hadawa. A gefe guda, a matse foda a cikin manne ta hanyar aikin ƙarfin injiniya. Sakamakon haka, lokacin haɗawa ya ragu, ƙarfin aiki ya ragu, kuma ingancin mahaɗin roba yana da kyau.
Lokacin Saƙo: Afrilu-18-2022
