Ilimi game da tsufa na roba

1. Menene tsufa na roba?Menene wannan ke nunawa a saman?
A cikin aikin sarrafa, adanawa da amfani da roba da samfuransa, saboda cikakken aikin abubuwan ciki da na waje, abubuwan da ke cikin jiki da sinadarai da injiniyoyi na roba sannu a hankali sun lalace, kuma a ƙarshe sun rasa ƙimar amfanin su.Wannan canjin ana kiransa tsufa na roba.A saman, ana bayyana shi azaman tsagewa, mai mannewa, taurin kai, tausasawa, ƙwanƙwasa, canza launi, da haɓakar mildew.
2. Menene abubuwan da ke shafar tsufa na roba?
Abubuwan da ke haifar da tsufa na roba sune:
(a) Oxygen da iskar oxygen a cikin roba suna jujjuya sarkar sarkar kyauta tare da kwayoyin roba, kuma sarkar kwayar halitta ta karye ko kuma ta haye gaba daya, yana haifar da canje-canje a cikin kayan roba.Oxidation yana daya daga cikin mahimman dalilai na tsufa na roba.
(b) Ayyukan sinadarai na ozone da ozone ya fi na iskar oxygen girma, kuma ya fi lalacewa.Hakanan yana karya sarkar kwayoyin halitta, amma tasirin ozone akan roba ya bambanta da ko roban ya lalace ko a'a.Lokacin amfani da roba maras kyau (yafi unsaturated roba), fasa a perpendicular zuwa ga aikin danniya bayyana, wato, abin da ake kira "ozone crack";lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi akan gurɓataccen roba, fim ɗin oxide ne kawai ke samuwa a saman ba tare da tsagewa ba.
(c) Zafi: Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na iya haifar da tsagewar thermal ko ƙetaren zafi na roba.Amma ainihin tasirin zafi shine kunnawa.Haɓaka ƙimar watsawar iskar oxygen kuma kunna halayen iskar shaka, ta haka yana haɓaka ƙimar halayen iskar shaka na roba, wanda shine al'amuran tsufa na yau da kullun - tsufa na iskar oxygen na thermal.
(d) Haske: Mafi guntuwar kalaman haske, mafi girman makamashi.Lalacewar roba shine haskoki na ultraviolet tare da makamashi mafi girma.Bugu da ƙari, kai tsaye haifar da tsagewa da haɗin kai na sarkar kwayoyin halitta na roba, hasken ultraviolet yana haifar da radicals kyauta saboda shayar da makamashin haske, wanda ke farawa da kuma hanzarta tsarin aikin sarkar oxygenation.Hasken ultraviolet yana aiki azaman dumama.Wani sifa na aikin haske (bambanta da aikin zafi) shine cewa yana faruwa ne akan saman roba.Don samfurori tare da babban abun ciki mai manne, za a sami raguwar hanyar sadarwa a bangarorin biyu, wato, abin da ake kira "ƙwaƙwalwar ƙirar waje".
(e) Damuwa na injina: A ƙarƙashin aikin da ake maimaitawa na damuwa na inji, za a karye sarkar kwayoyin roba don samar da radicals kyauta, wanda zai haifar da sarkar oxygenation kuma ya samar da tsari na injiniyoyi.Mechanical scission na kwayoyin sarƙoƙi da inji kunnawa da hadawan abu da iskar shaka matakai.Wanne ne ke da babba ya dogara da yanayin da aka sanya shi.Bugu da ƙari, yana da sauƙi don haifar da fashewar ozone a ƙarƙashin aikin damuwa.
(f) Danshi: Tasirin danshi yana da bangarori biyu: roba yana samun saukin lalacewa idan ruwan sama ya shiga cikin iska mai danshi ko kuma a nutse cikin ruwa.Wannan shi ne saboda abubuwan da ke narkewa da ruwa da ƙungiyoyin ruwa masu tsabta a cikin roba suna fitar da ruwa kuma suna narkar da su.Ya haifar da hydrolysis ko sha.Musamman a ƙarƙashin aikin canji na nutsewar ruwa da bayyanar yanayi, za a hanzarta lalata rubber.Amma a wasu lokuta, danshi baya lalata roba, har ma yana da tasirin jinkirta tsufa.
(g) Wasu: Akwai kafofin watsa labarai na sinadarai, ion valence metal ions, radiation mai ƙarfi, wutar lantarki da ilmin halitta, da sauransu, waɗanda ke shafar roba.
3. Menene nau'ikan hanyoyin gwajin tsufa na roba?
Ana iya raba kashi biyu:
(a) Hanyar gwajin tsufa na halitta.An kuma raba shi zuwa gwajin tsufa na yanayi, gwajin saurin tsufa na yanayi, gwajin tsufa na ajiya na halitta, matsakaicin yanayi (ciki har da ƙasa binne, da sauransu) da gwajin tsufa na halitta.
(b) Hanyar gwajin tsufa na wucin gadi.Don tsufa na thermal, tsufa na ozone, photoaging, tsufa na yanayi na wucin gadi, tsufa na hoto-ozone, tsufa na halitta, radiation mai ƙarfi da tsufa na lantarki, da tsufa na kafofin watsa labarai.
4. Wane nau'in zafin jiki ya kamata a zaɓa don gwajin tsufa na iska mai zafi don mahaɗan roba daban-daban?
Domin na halitta roba, gwajin zafin jiki ne yawanci 50 ~ 100 ℃, ga roba roba, shi ne yawanci 50 ~ 150 ℃, da kuma gwajin zafin jiki na wasu musamman roba ne mafi girma.Misali, roba nitrile da ake amfani a 70 ~ 150 ℃, da silicone fluorine roba ne kullum amfani a 200 ~ 300 ℃.A takaice, ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga gwajin.